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Sida cordifolia

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sida

mallow plant

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect subshrubs 0.5–1.5m tall, whitish to yellowish tellate velutinous or stellate tomentose.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate to oblong or sometimes orbicular, 2–10(–12) cm long. Base usually shallowly cordate. Surfaces densely stellate strigose. Margins serrate. Petioles usually ⅓ or more the length of blades. Stipules filiform, 3–7 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers usually in axillary clusters, often forming dense panicles or corymbs of racemes by reduction of leaves, subsessile or pedicellate; involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5–7 mm long, accrescent and clasping in fruit, usually 10-ribbed. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, rotate to campanulate, corolla of 5 petals, obovate, cream to pale yellow or orangish yellow, 7–9 mm long, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column; staminal column included, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile, carpels usually 5-10 or numerous; ovules 1 per carpel, pendulous; style exceeding the staminal column, unbranched and stigmatically lobed at apex or branched, branches as many as carpels; stigmas capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps 6–7 mm in diameter; mericarps 8–12(–14); 1-seeded; brownish; the body 2.8–3.5 mm long; with 2 retrorsely simple pubescent apical awns 2–4(–5) mm long; dorsal and lateral surfaces rugose–reticulate; indehiscent; upper 1/3 dehiscent; each valve smooth; usually acute or apically spined. Seeds trigonous-obovoid; 1.8–2.3 mm long; glabrous or with a few hairs along the raphe; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 28; 32

Habitat: Naturalized in dry sites.

Elevation Range: Primarily low elevations.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 684 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:897 (EM, H); Lorence et al. 1995:41 (K); Herbst et al. 2004:9 (O); Oppenheimer 2007:26 (Mo, L, WM); Faccenda & Sprague 2024:145 (note on unusual abundance on L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sida cordifolia East Maui Kaupo in brushy pasture above the road. Preserved_Specimen Leaves reminiscent of Waltheria. Flowers small, orange, enclosed within calyx. Plants erect, single-stemmed, 2 ft. tall. Hobdy, R.W. 1032 Maui BISH 1981-03-18
2 Sida cordifolia Kunia, Pohakea Ranch Guinea grass, Schinus, Grevillea, koa haole scrub. Preserved_Specimen Upright herb 2 ft tall. Char, W.P. Oahu BISH 2002-11-25
3 Sida cordifolia S of Puu O Hoku Common in pastures. Preserved_Specimen Small woody erect plants. Flowers yellow/orange, sometimes red at base of petals. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110728 Molokai BISH 2007-11-07
4 Sida cordifolia Keomuku Rd. On roadside. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub. Oppenheimer, H.L. 100630 Lanai BISH 2006-10-19
5 Sida cordifolia Kona, Kainaliu, William Paris Ranch Preserved_Specimen Paris Jr., W. Hawaii BISH 1961-11-15
6 Sida cordifolia Waimea District; Puu Ki-Waialae Trail along Mokihana Ridge Scrub forest dominated by Metrosideros, Styphelia, Dodonaea, Acacia, and Wilkesia; becoming secondary forest of Acacia, Psidium, and Grevillea. Preserved_Specimen Herb of three ft. along trail side; stems pale green; leavs dull dark olive green above, dull slightly paler below with raised whitish veins; corolla orange. Flynn, T.W. 4435 Kauai BISH 1991-02-07
7 Sida cordifolia W.Maui, Lahaina Dist., Honokowai, south side of Valley at top of 4wd road and power lines at former camp site in Metrosideros/Dicranopteris forest. Preserved_Specimen Single plant <2 m. tallFlowers yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 100520 Maui BISH 2005-10-26
8 Sida cordifolia Kona, Hookena Native in tropical regions. Preserved_Specimen Petals yellow-orange, about 0.37 inches long, in dense clusters; carpels 10-12, each with a pair of barbed long spines or beaks. Hind Jr., R. Hawaii BISH 1963-10-30
9 Sida cordifolia Waimea Canyon State Park, just off Hwy 550 on Puu O Pae Road, just W of and over ditch Secondary forest. W/ Eucalyptus, Psidium and Montanoa Preserved_Specimen Herbaceous shrubs to 3.5 ft.; stems pale green, lvs matte medium green above, grey-green below w/ raised whitish veins, lvs velvety corolla orange, wilted by 2 pm Flynn, T.W. 7495 Kauai BISH 2011-11-02
10 Sida cordifolia Napoopoo In Panicum maximum area formerly grazed by cattle. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1985-09-06
11 Sida cordifolia West Maui, Lahaina District, Kahana, N side of Pohakukaanapali Gulch in yard Preserved_Specimen volunteer Oppenheimer, H.L. 72404 Maui BISH 2024-07-02
12 Sida cordifolia Lanai city, Adventure Center. Roadside, moist, sunny area. Along roadsides as well as in less disturbed area. Preserved_Specimen Common, over 200 plants seen and millions more seen across the island. This was an abudant roadside weed, often forming monotoypic stands in dry area. Faccenda, K. 3136 Lanai BISH 2023-06-19
13 Sida cordifolia S of the main road above Milolii Disturbed forest clearing. Preserved_Specimen Sterile shrub 1 m tall. Whistler, W.A. Hawaii BISH 2005-07-01
14 Sida cordifolia East Maui, Kaupo Along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3978 Maui BISH 1996-01-01
15 Sida cordifolia West Maui, Lahaina District, Honokowai, between Haenanui and Hahakea Gulches. Along unpaved road above abandoned cane fields. Locally common. Vegetation: Degraded dry shrubland with Dodonaea, Osteromeles, Leptecophylla, Wikstroemia, Waltheria, Cocculus, Sphenomeris, Psidium, Grevillea, Andropogon, Setaria. Preserved_Specimen Upright mostly unbranched shrubs to 1 meter plus tall, flowers yellowish orange. Oppenheimer, H.L. 90903 Maui BISH 2009-09-09
16 Sida cordifolia Land of Moeauoa 2. Above Kailua-Kona, Hawaii Common in disturbed sites in pasture of Panicum maximum, Leucaena leucocephala & Prosopis pallida. Preserved_Specimen Corolla orange with red eye Nagata, K.M. 4265 Hawaii BISH 1993-11-02
17 Sida cordifolia East Maui, Kaupo, roadside Disturbed, dry lowland with lava substrate. Associated vegetation: Leucaena leucocephala, Megathyrsus maximus, Digitaria insularis Preserved_Specimen Herb/sub shrub. Starr, F. 23031502 Maui BISH 2023-03-15
18 Sida cordifolia Koloa, Kalaheo, 2 mi from N end junction with Papalina Road fence line on edge of pasture with Syzygium, Lantana, Sporobolus, Conyza and Chamaecrista Preserved_Specimen erect herb to 3'; sparingly branched; stems pale-green; leaves dull medium green with brownish-red veins, below dull grey-green with raised whitish-veins; calyx pale whitish-green, corolla pale orange Flynn, T.W. 6763 Kauai BISH 2000-11-14
19 Sida cordifolia Pohakupili Locally common in pastures. Preserved_Specimen Usually under 1m tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 120620 Molokai BISH 2006-12-08
20 Sida cordifolia East Maui, Makawao District, Kanaio. Vegetation: Dodonaea Dry Shrubland. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 111711 Maui BISH 2017-11-14
21 Sida cordifolia Waimea District, Pulehu Ridge Growing along north fork of jeep road. Preserved_Specimen Erect sub-shrub, leaves olive-green above, gray-green beneath; flowers orange. Common along roadside in disturbed scrub forest. Herbst, D.R. 9772 Kauai BISH 1996-06-03
22 Sida cordifolia Keauhou-kona, lands of Hokukano, near Puu o'hai Disturbed Leucaena association. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-06
23 Sida cordifolia Napoopoo In disturbed pasture with Panicum maximum. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1985-09-06
24 Sida cordifolia NE of Keoneheehee Locally common in degraded dry shrubland. Apparently not browsed by axis deer. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 10703 Lanai BISH 2007-01-03
25 Sida cordifolia Halepalaoa Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 221 Lanai BISH 1914-03-31
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